CHEMISTRY CST Practice 21-40 of 90Released California State Chemistry Test Questions. © California Department of Education. "Permission is granted in advance for reproduction of these resources for educational purposes. The content must remain unchanged and in its entirety as published by the California Department of Education. "

The most abundant isotope of lead contains 82 protons and 124 neutrons packed closely together in the nucleus. Why do the protons stay together in the nucleus rather than fly apart?
1. Nuclear forces overcome repulsive forces between protons in the nucleus.
2. Electrostatic forces between neutrons and protons hold the nucleus together.
3. Neutrons effectively block the protons and keep them far apart to prevent repulsion.
4. Electrons in neighboring atoms neutralize repulsive forces between protons.
Which equation correctly represents the alpha decay of polonium-214?
A 2-cm-thick piece of cardboard placed over a radiation source would be most effective in protecting against which type of radiation?
1. alpha
2. x-ray
3. gamma
4. beta
Which of the following is a monatomic gas at STP?
1. helium
2. fluorine
3. nitrogen
4. chlorine
When cations and anions join, they form what kind of chemical bond?
1. ionic
2. hydrogen
3. covalent
4. metallic
Which of the following correctly shows how carbon and hydrogen bond to form a compound?
Some of the molecules found in the human body are NH2CH2COOH (glycine), C6H12O6 (glucose),
and CH3(CH2)16COOH (stearic acid). The bonds they form are
1. covalent
2. nuclear
3. metallic
4. ionic
What type of bond do all of the molecules in the table above have in common?
1. ionic
2. covalent
3. polar
4. metallic
The reason salt crystals, such as KCl, hold together so well is because the cations are strongly attracted to
1. neighboring cations.
2. neighboring anions.
3. the protons in the neighboring nucleus.
4. free electrons in the crystals.
What type of force holds ions together in salts such as CaF2?
1. gravitational
2. magnetic
3. nuclear
4. electrostatic
Under the same conditions of pressure and temperature, a liquid differs from a gas because the molecules of the liquid
1. have no regular arrangement.
2. take the shape of the container they are in.
3. are in constant motion.
4. have stronger forces of attraction between them.
Which of the following elements has the same Lewis dot structure as silicon?
1. germanium (Ge)
2. gallium (Ga)
3. aluminum (Al)
4. arsenic (As)
Which substance is made up of many monomers joined together in long chains?
1. ethanol
2. salt
3. propane
4. protein
For the polymer, polyvinyl chloride,

(PVC), ~ CH2CH(Cl)CH2CH(Cl)CH2CH(Cl) ~

the repeating subunit is
1. CH(Cl)
2. CH(Cl)CHCH2.
3. CH2CH(Cl).
4. CH2CH.
Which element is capable of forming stable, extended chains of atoms through single, double, or triple bonds with itself?
1. carbon
2. oxygen
3. hydrogen
4. nitrogen
Proteins are large macromolecules composed of thousands of subunits. The structure of the protein depends on the sequence of
1. amino acids.
2. nucleosides.
3. monosaccharides.
4. lipids.
When a cold tire is inflated to a certain pressure and then is warmed up due to friction with the road, the pressure increases. This happens because the
1. air molecules hit the walls of the tire less frequently.
2. air molecules diffuse rapidly through the walls of the tire.
3. air molecules speed up and collide with the tire walls more often.
4. rubber in the tire reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere.
When someone standing at one end of a large room opens a bottle of vinegar, it may take several minutes for a person at the other end to smell it. Gas molecules at room temperature move at very high velocities, so what is responsible for the delay in detection of the vinegar?
1. random collisions between the air and vinegar molecules
2. the increase in the airspace occupied by vinegar molecules
3. attractive forces between the air and vinegar molecules
4. the chemical reaction with nerves, which is slower than other sensory processes
Methane (CH4) gas diffuses through air because the molecules are
1. expanding steadily
2. dissolving quickly.
3. traveling slowly.
4. moving randomly.
The volume of 400 mL of chlorine gas at 400 mm Hg is decreased to 200 mL at constant temperature. What is the new gas pressure?
1. 300 mm Hg
2. 800 mm Hg
3. 650 mm Hg
4. 400 mm Hg

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